Sources
Studies & Reference
Related Topics
Sources
Avalokiteswara’s Descent into the Hell Avîchi. Abhidharma kosabhasyam
Cowell, Edward B. “The Northern Buddhist Legend of Avalokiteswara’s Descent into the Hell Avîchi.” The Indian Antiquary 8 (1879):250–52.
Book of Prha Malai
Brereton, Bonnie Pacala. Thai Tellings of Phra Malai: Texts and Rituals Concerning a Popular Buddhist Saint. Tempe: Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies, 1995.
The Essentials of Pure Land Rebirth (Ojo Yoshu)
Reischauer, A. K. Genshin’s Ojo Yoshu: Collected Essays on Birth into Paradise. Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 7 (1930):27–46.
The Friendly Epistle (Suhrllekha)
Nagarjuna’s Letter to King Gautamiputra. Lozang Jamspal, Ngawang Samten Chophel, and Peter della Santina, trans. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1978, pp. 44–47.
Governor Kwoh Visits Hell
Doré, Henry. Researches into Chinese Superstitions. M. Kennelly, trans. Shanghai: T‘usewei Printing Press, 1920, 7:254–56.
The Great Story (Mahavastu)
The Mahavastu
. J. J. Jones, trans. London: Pali Text Society, 1949; rpt. Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications, 1973, 1: 6–21.
The Journey to Realms beyond Death
Dolma, Delog Dawa. Delog: Journey to Realms beyond Death. Junction City, CA: Padma Publishing, 1995, pp. 41–99.
Miao-shen Visits Hell
Doré, Henry. Researches into Chinese Superstitions. M. Kennelly, trans. Shanghai: T‘usewei Printing Press, 1920: 6:160–62.
The Middle-Length Discourses of the Buddha (Majjhima Nikaya)
The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya. Bhikkhu Nanamoli, orig. translation from the Pali; ed. and rev. by Bhikkhu Bodhi. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1995, pp. 1018–19, 1032–35.
Mu-Lien Rescues His Mother
Waley, Arthur. Ballads and Stories from Tun-Huang: An Anthology. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1960, pp. 217–31.
Nangsa Obum
Nangsa Obum. Dorjey Tseten with Dominic Wynniatt-Husey, trans.; Philippa Russell, ed. Choyang Magazine, n.d., Year of Tibet issue.
The Numbered Discourses of the Buddha (Anguttara Nikaya)
The Book of the Gradual Sayings (Anguttara-Nikaya) or More-Numbered Suttas. F. L. Woodward, trans. Pali Text Society Translations Series 22. London: Pali Text Society, 1932; rpt. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1:124-25, 5:116.
The Precious Record Transmitted to Men to Move Them (Yü Li Ch‘ao Chuan)
Giles, Herbert A. Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio [Liao Chai Chih I]. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, Ltd., 1916, pp. 469–85. Also Henry Doré. Researches into Chinese Superstitions. M. Kennelly, trans. Shanghai: T‘usewei Printing Press, 1922: 7:262–302.
Strange Stories from a Liaozhai Studio (Liao-chai chih-i)
Pu, Songling. Strange Stories from a Liaozhai Studio. Zhang Qingnian, Zhang Ciyun, and Yang Yi, trans.; Martha Graham, ed. Beijing: People’s China Publishing House, 1997.
Pu, Songling. Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio. John Mitford, editor. London: Penguin Classics, 2006.
The Sutra on the Eighteen Hells (Shih-pa Ni-li Ching)
Goodrich, Anne Swann. Chinese Hells: The Peking Temple of Eighteen Hells and Chinese Conceptions of Hell. Caroline Chin-i Young, trans. St. Augustin: Monumenta Serica (1981): 128–34; Tripitaka, Taisho ed., 17:528–30.
The Sutra Spoken by the Buddha on the Retribution of Sinful Karma and the Education and Transformation in the Hells (Fo-shuo tsui-yeh ying-pao chiao-hua ti-yü ching)
Duyvendak, J. J. L. “A Chinese Divine Comedy.” T’oung Pao 41:4–5 (1952):281–83, where the original text is summarized in English; Tripitaka, Taisho ed., 17:450–52.
Systematic Philosophy (Abhidharma kosabhasyam)
Vasubandhu. Abhidharmakosabhasyam [systematic philosophy]. Louis de La Vallè Poussin, French translation. Leo M. Pruden, English trans. from French. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1988, 2:456–60.
T‘ai Tsung in Hell
Waley, Arthur. Ballads and Stories from Tun-Huang: An Anthology. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1960, pp. 217–31.
T’ang-cheuk’ounn Taken to Hell
Wieger, Léon. Folk-Lore Chinois Moderne. Paris: Librarie Orientale & Americaine, 1909, pp. 287–90.
A Thai Near-Death Experience
Murphy, Todd. “Near-Death Experiences in Thailand.” Journal of Near-Death Studies 19 (3, Spring 2001):173.
The Tibetan Book of the Dead (Bardo Thodol)
The Tibetan Book of the Dead. Robert A. F. Thurman, trans. Introduction by Huston Smith. New York: Bantam Books, c1994, p. 189.
Treatise of the Exalted One on Response and Retribution (T’ai-Shang Kan-Ying P’ien)
T‘ai-shang kan-ying p‘ien; Treatise of the Exalted One on Response and Retribution. Teitaro Suzuki and Paul Carus, trans. Paul Carus, ed. Keichyu Yamada, illust. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Co.; London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd., 1906, pp. 95–100, 103–5.
The Voyage to the Western Sea of the Chief Eunuch San-Pao (San-pao t’ai-chien hsia hsi-yang chi
Duyvendak, J. J. L. “A Chinese Divine Comedy.” T’oung Pao 41: 4–5 (1952): 263–311, where the original text is summarized in English.
Wang Hsiu’s Voyage to Hell
Wieger, Léon. Folk-Lore Chinois Moderne. Paris: Librarie Orientale & Americaine, 1909, pp. 26–30.
Studies & Reference
Asia for Educators, Columbia University. “The Ten Magistrates of the Underworld Realm,” Living in the Chinese Cosmos, Popular Religion and Beliefs. http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/cosmos/prb/underworld.htm
Bailey, Lee W. “A ‘Little Death’: The Near-Death Experience and Tibetan Delogs. ” Journal of Near-Death Studies 19.3 (Sept. 2001): 139–59.
Blacker, Carmen. “Other World Journeys in Japan.” In The Journey to the Other World. H. R. Ellis Davidson, ed. Folklore Society 2:42–72. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1975.
Cuevas, Bryan J. Travels in the Netherworld: Buddhist Popular Narratives of Death and the Afterlife in Tibet.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Provides a detailed analysis of four vivid delog, or return-from-death tales, including the stories of a Tibetan housewife, a lama, a young noble woman, and a Buddhist monk.
Linroth, Rob and Jeff Watt. Demonic Divine: Himalayan Art and Beyond. New York: Rubin Museum of Art, and Chicago: Serindia Publications, 2004.
Matsunaga, Daigan and Alicia. The Buddhist Concept of Hell. New York: Philosophical Library, 1972.
Nebesky-Wojkowitz, Rene de. Oracles and Demons of Tibet: The Cult and Iconography of the Tibetan Protective Dieties. The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1956.
Pommaret, Françoise. Les revenants de l’au-delà dans le monde tibétain: sources littéraires et tradition vivante. Paris: Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1989.
Shahar, Meir and Robert P. Weller. Unruly Gods: Divinity and Society in China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press: 1996.
Waddell, L. Austine. The Buddhism of Tibet or Lamaism. London: Luzac & Co., 1899; rpt. Chestnut Hill, MA: Adamant Media Corporation, 2001.
